Possessive case

1. Possessive case

To make the genitive of nouns of PEOPLE or ANIMALS we add 's My mother's hobby is surfing. The yellow one is my dad's car. To plural of nouns of PEOPLE or ANIMALS ending in -s we add ' (apostrophe) The cats' food is in the kitchen. Where is the ladies' room? To proper nouns (name) ending in a sibilant (=sound like an S) we add an 's Prince Charles's wedding was in 1981. We walked through St James's park.

2. Special use

When THE PLACE IS UNDERSTOOD, words such as house, shop, cathedral,...are generally omitted after a genitive: The wedding took place at St Paul's. (Cathedral) Mum is at the baker's. (shop) I'm staying at my uncle's. (house) The genitive is often used in EXPRESSIONS denoting TIME or DISTANCE: Where is yesterday's newspaper? We go to Bath for a week's holiday. She lives in an hour's distance from work. Sometimes a noun is followed by OF + GENITIVE: it is called the double possessive and is used to put the stress on the person who possesses: This is a house of my sister's. These are friends of my father's.

comparison degrees

1. Adjectives of one syllable

Adjectives of one syllable add -er and -est. Adjectives ending on 'e' just add -r and -st. Some adjectives double the final consonant.   Adjective Comparative Superlative   small warm old nice big smaller warmer older nicer bigger smallest warmest oldest nicest biggest

2. Adjectives of two syllables

Some adjectives of two syllables add -er and -est. Adjectives ending in 'y' use -ier and -iest. Adjectives ending in -ful, -less, -ing, -ed use more and most. Some other adjectives of two syllables use more and most (modern, famous, normal, correct, ...).   Adjective Comparative Superlative   narrow happy useful boring modern narrower happier more useful more boring more modern narrowest happiest most useful most boring most modern

3. Adjectives of three or more syllables

Adjectives of three or more syllables use more and most.   Adjective Comparative Superlative   beautiful dangerous exciting more beautiful more dangerous more exciting most beautiful most dangerous most exciting

4. Irregular adjectives

You will have to learn these by heart.   Adjective Comparative Superlative   good (well) bad little much, many far late old better worse less more farther, further later older, elder best worst least most farthest last, latest older, oldest

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question words

1. WH-question
Where	à ask about places.	Where is he? At home.
When	à ask about times and dates.	When will you phone? At 6 o'clock
Why	à ask about a reason.	Why are they leaving? They are tired.
How	à ask in what way.	How will she get here? By taxi.
Who	à ask about people	Who are you going to visit? My sister.
What	à ask about things (many possible answers).	What's your father's job? He's a dentist.
Which	à ask about things (small number of possible answers).	Which finger did you break? My ring finger.
2. Word order
Most wh-questions begin with a question word + an auxiliary verb + the subject
Question word Auxiliary Subject Verb     What is Brian doing?     Where have you put the book?   When can we travel safely?   How does the radio work?
3. Prepositions with wh-questions
Prepositions (to, about, with, from, ...) usually go at the end. Here are some examples: - Where are you from? - Who do these books belong to? - What are you talking about? - Who are you going with?

imperative

1. Form

Infinitive without to It has the same form in singular and plural.

2. Use

Orders Sit down, boys and girls. Try another pen. Instructions Go straight on. Add sugar to the milk and flour. Warnings Look out! Mind the step! Negative Imperatives (Prohibitions) Do not walk on the grass. Don't cycle here.

difference 1

Use: present simple	Use: present continuous
Repeated actions and habits. Britney Spears sings songs.	Something happening now. Tim is singing a song.
Actions happening over a long period of time. The turtle lives in its house.	Actions happening over a short period of time. He is staying in a tent this holiday.
We use the present simple with verbs of thoughts, feelings or states. The pig thinks about its future. The hedgehog loves the cactus. The moon goes round the earth.

prep. 1

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advanced English grammar

Advanced_English_C_A_E_Grammar_Practice

The A, An and The Exercise

The A, An and The Exercise at planet 4 English

Fill the gaps with a, an or the.

1	Excuse me. Have you got ______ time?
2	I want ______  new printer for Christmas.
3	I was four the first time I saw ______ elephant.
4	I spoke to ______ boss this morning about having next Friday off.
5	It was ______ exciting movie.
6	She had ______  boiled egg for breakfast.
7	Have ______  nice day.
8	Where did you buy ______ oranges?
9	______ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
10	______ avalanche killed four skiers in Austria today.
11	______  huge ape ran out of the forest and stole my picnic hamper.
12	Can you tell me ______ way to the post office, please?
13	My students like to do their activity books lying on ______ floor.
14	Samantha's bought a new car. It's ______ red one, parked next to that motorbike.
15	I like this jumper but it's brown. Have you got it in ______ different colour?
16	It's such ______  nice day that I think I'll go and read my book in the park.
17	______ River Thames flows right through the middle of London.
18	I saw ______ eagle hovering high above the valley.

The Present Simple Tense Exercise

The Present Simple Tense Exercise atplanet4english

Use the verb in brackets to fill the gaps.

Affirmative sentences.

1 I ________ in Godella.(to live) 2 Daisy________  chocolate.(to love) 3 Andy ________ too fast.(to drive) 4 We ________ lunch at two.(to have) 5 You ________ great.(to look)

Negative sentences.

6 They ________________ much.(to say) 7 Charlie ________________ golf.(to play) 8 I ________________ hamburgers.(to like) 9 Sammy and I________________  much TV.(to watch) 10 It ________________ very often in Valencia.(to rain)

Questions.

11 ________ you play tennis? 12 ________ Carol drive? 13 ________ they do the shopping together? 14 ________  dogs eat fish? 15 What________  it do?

Exercises on verb to Be

To Be in the Present Tense at planet4english

Fill the gaps with the correct form of the verb to be.

Affirmative sentences

1 I ________  never happy on a Sunday afternoon. 2 We ________  Scottish. 3 He ________ a pilot. 4 Samantha and Nigel ________ angry. 5 You ________ clever and good-looking.

Negative sentences

6 You ________ French. 7 Gloria ________ at home. 8 Linda and I ________ pleased about it. 9 I ________ cruel. 10 It ________ good.

Questions

11  ________ you from Tokyo? 12 ________ Ricky Mexican? 13 ________ we alright for milk? 14 ________ he married? 15 ________ you tired?

present continuous

1. Conjugation
Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I am working You are working He is working She is working It is working We are working You are working They are working	I am not working You are not working He is not working She is not working It is not working We are not working You are not working They are not working	Am I working? Are you working? Is he working? Is she working? Is it working? Are we working? Are you working? Are they working?
Contracted forms:       am = 'm                          is   = 's                          are = 're                                am not  = 'm not              is not = isn't                   are not  = aren't
2. Spelling of the ing-form (present participle)
General rule: infinitive without 'to' + ING to work --> working to play --> playing Verbs ending in a silent E: the E is dropped +ING to live --> living to come --> coming Verbs ending in IE: the IE changes into Y +ING to die --> dying to lie --> lying Verbs with the stress on the last syllable, ending in a consonant, preceded by a short vowel: the end consonant is doubled + ING to stop --> stopping to begin --> beginning Verbs ending in L: the L is doubled +ING to travel --> travelling to quarrel --> quarrelling Verbs ending in IC: the C is followed by K +ING to picnic --> picnicking to panic --> panicking

present simple

1. Conjugation
Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I work You work He works She works It works We work You work They work	I do not work You do not work He does not work She does not work It does not work You do not work We do not work They do not work	Do I work ? Do you work ? Does he work ? Does she work ? Does it work ? Do we work ? Do you work ? Do they work ?
Contracted forms: do not = don't / does not = doesn't
2. Spelling of 3rd person singular (he, she, it)
General rule: infinitive without 'to' + S to work ==> works to play ==> plays Verbs ending in O, SS, X, CH, SH : infinitive without 'to' + ES to go ==> goes to kiss ==> kisses Verbs ending in Y, preceded by a consonant: Y changes into IES to cry ==> cries to fly ==> flies

short answers

1. To be
Interrogative	Positive answers	Negative answers
Am I? Are you? Is he? Is she? Is it? Are we? Are they? Are you?	Yes, I am. Yes, you are. Yes, he is. Yes, she is. Yes, it is. Yes, we are. Yes, they are. Yes, you are.	No, I 'm not. No, you aren't. No, he isn't. No, she isn't. No, it isn't. No, we aren't. No, they aren't. No, you aren't.
2. To have
Interrogative	Positive answers	Negative answers
Have I got ? Have you got ? Has he got ? Has she got ? Has it got ? Have we got ? Have you got ? Have they got ?	Yes, I have. Yes, you have. Yes, he has. Yes, she has. Yes, it has. Yes, we have. Yes, you have. Yes, they have.	No, I haven't. No, you haven't. No, he hasn't. No, she hasn't. No, it hasn't. No, we haven't. No, you haven't. No, they haven't.
3. To do
Interrogative	Positive answers	Negative answers
Do I ? Do you ? Does he ? Does she ? Does it ? Do we ? Do you ? Do they ?	Yes, I do. Yes, you do. Yes, he does. Yes, she does. Yes, it does. Yes, we do. Yes, you do. Yes, they do.	No, I don't. No, you don't. No, he doesn't. No, she doesn't. No, it doesn't. No, we don't. No, you don't. No, they don't.